Peat made up less than half of the compost sold to gardeners and used to grow plants by the horticultural industry for the first time in 2019, a report has shown.

But campaigners called for more Government action to phase out its use as the findings showed the target to end peat sales to amateur gardeners by 2020 would be missed.

The report reveals the proportion of peat in “growing media” sold to the public and used by commercial growers has fallen from 62% in 2011 to 56% in 2015 and down to 47% in 2019 – the first time it has dipped below 50%.

It also revealed a fall in the total volume of peat sold across the horticultural sector, from 2.8 million cubic metres in 2011 to 2.1 million in 2019.

The shift has been welcomed by industry and by the Government, which aims to phase out the use of peat in horticulture to protect peatland habitats and reduce carbon emissions which are released when they are damaged.

The report covers compost sold to gardeners and used by commercial growers for ornamental plants(Bulrush Horticulture Ltd/PA)
The report covers compost sold to gardeners and used by commercial growers(Bulrush Horticulture Ltd/PA)

But a separate Coventry University study for the sector warns that progress towards targets set a decade ago – to end peat use by amateur gardeners by 2020 and by commercial growers by 2030 – were falling short.

Early efforts to promote alternatives to peat were stymied by poor quality and while research and trials have transformed products, challenges still exist with securing sufficient volumes of good quality alternatives at a reasonable price, it said.

The study makes a series of recommendations to deliver sustainable growing media, including consistent labelling, ongoing research and development into alternatives to peat, full assessment of supplies of products, communication with gardeners and growers, and calls for government support.

The Growing Media Monitor report reveals the latest findings on peat use and is funded by Growing Media Association (GMA)/Horticulture Trades Association (HTA), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board.

The report found that in the retail sector the amount of peat fell from 58% in 2011, to almost 53% in 2015, and down to a new low of 41.5% in 2019.

The share of growing media sold to the public that was specifically peat-free fell between 2015 and 2019 – but that was offset by a fall in the use of peat in other products such as multipurpose compost.

Paul de Zylva of Friends of the Earth said: “Despite the Government pledge to end peat sales to amateur gardeners by 2020 it’s still being stacked high and sold cheap in most garden centres and DIY stores across the UK.

“Peatlands are vital for supporting wildlife, holding back flood waters and storing carbon. The Government must do far more to protect them.

“The latest figures show the horticulture sector is dragging its feet in ending peat use – at this rate it will take them many years to go peat-free.”

Peat use in growing media by professional growers fell from 72% in 2011 to just under 64% in 2015, and then only marginally dropped to just under 63% in 2019.

Other materials used instead of peat include coir or coconut fibre, woody materials and green compost such as food waste.

The report warned of issues sourcing alternative materials including competition for wood with biomass energy plants and a reduction in the supply of labour available to produce and process coir in Sri Lanka and south east India due to Covid-19.

Neil Bragg, chairman of the Growing Media Association, said: “The essential requirement for growing media within horticulture means that the industry fully understands the need to address issues around its composition and is committed to working with others to navigate the complexities of doing so.”

Environment Minister Rebecca Pow said the new data showed the investment manufacturers and retailers have made in peat replacements was starting to feed into the market.

“We are absolutely committed to phasing out the use of peat in horticultural products in England and want this transition to be as seamless as possible for the industry,” she said.

Evergreen Garden Care, makers of Miracle-Gro and Levington, said it had reduced peat use by 50% by offering peat-free alternatives, relied less on peat across all its products and was planning to launch a comprehensive peat-free range in 2021.

Bulrush Horticulture, which supplies consumers and professional growers, said it had reduced peat by 32% across the business, had its own Forest Gold wood-fibre alternative and was working with professional growers to reduce their reliance on peat while maintaining the quality of plants.