Yorkshire's director of cricket, David Byas, praised Craig Spearman's great innings but also voiced concern at the continuing poor form of some of his fast bowlers.
Matthew Hoggard kept things tight with two for 33 off ten overs but Chris Silverwood and Tim Bresnan both paid a heavy price for not bowling a good length and line.
"Inconsistent fast bowling has been a problem all summer and we have not had a single Championship match in which a paceman has managed to claim five wickets," said Byas.
"Four of those matches have been at Headingley where conditions favour bowlers rather than batsmen and it is a worrying problem."
Byas said credit had to be given to Spearman, however, for producing a one-day innings of superb quality.
"I am disappointed with the result and so are the lads but we were beaten by a guy who batted particularly well," he added.
"We would have settled for a score of 240 or so which history has shown takes some chasing at Bristol but Gloucestershire needed someone to go in and score a century and Spearman did it for them.
"He really attacked the bowling while the fielding restrictions were on and this put Gloucestershire in control by about 25 runs."
Yorkshire captain Matthew Wood said: "We felt we were in with a chance at half time but fair play to Gloucestershire who deserved to win because Spearman made batting look easy on a difficult pitch and he was the difference between the two sides."
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